A refrigerator (commonly called a "refrigerator") is a cooling device.
The common household appliances consist of thermally insulated compartments and heat pumps -chemical or mechanical means-to transfer heat from to the external environment (eg, the space in which it resides), cooling the contents to a temperature below the environment.
Refrigeration is a popular food storage technique in the developed world and works by lowering the rate of bacterial reproduction.
Such a device is used to reduce the process of decomposition of food.
A cooling machine that keeps the temperature a few degrees above the freezing point of water. The optimum temperature range for malodorous food storage is 3 to 5 ° C (37 to 41 ° F).
A similar device that maintains a temperature below the freezing point of water is referred to as a "freezer".
The refrigerator is a relatively modern invention among kitchen appliances.
He replaced the refrigerator, which has been a regular household appliance for nearly a century and a half before.
For this reason, refrigerators are sometimes referred to as "peti es"(Indonesia).
Origin of History of Refrigerator
Prior to the invention of refrigerators, icehouses were used to provide cold storage for a portion of the year. Placed near freshwater lakes or packed with snow and ice during the winter, they were once very common. means that nature is still used to cool food at that time.
In the mountains, runoff from snow melt is a convenient way to cool drinks, and during winter it can keep fresh milk longer by simply storing it outdoors.
In the 11th century, Persian physicists and chemists Ibn Sina (Avicenna) discovered a cooling coil, which is condensed aromatic steam.
This is a breakthrough in refining technology and he utilizes it in his steam distillation process, which requires a refrigerated tube, to produce essential oils.
The first known artificial coolant has been shown by William Cullen at Glasgow University in 1748.
Between 1805, when Oliver Evans designed the first cooling machine to use steam in lieu of fluid, and in 1902 when Willis Haviland Carrier demonstrated the first air conditioner, dozens of inventors contributed little progress in engine cooling.
In the cooling house came true in 1834 with the invention of compression cooling system by American inventor Jacob Perkins.
In 1850 or 1851, Dr. John Gorrie showed the ice maker
In 1857, Australia James Harrison built the world's first practical ice making and engine cooling system, and it was used in meat packing and Geelong, Victoria's aerospace industry. Ferdinand Carré of France developed a somewhat more complex system in 1859.
Unlike previous compression-compression machines, which are used as air conditioners, Carré's equipment is contained rapidly growing ammonia.
This absorption refrigerator was created by Baltzar von Platen and Carl Munters from Sweden in 1922, while they were students at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm.
This is the key to worldwide success and is commercialized by Electrolux. Other pioneers include Charles Tellier, David Boyle, and Raoul Pictet.
Carl von Linde was the first to patent and create a compact and practical fridge.
Housing units are usually required installation of motors, mechanical parts and compressors, in dungeons or adjacent spaces whereas cold boxes are located in the kitchen.
There is a 1922 model consisting of a cold wooden box, water-cooled compressor, an ice cube and cub foot (0.25 m 3) compartment 9, and cost $ 714. (A 1922 Ford T-Model costs about $ 450).
In 1923 Frigidaire introduced the first self-contained unit. About the same time porcelain-lined safes began to appear.
Ice trays were introduced more and more during the 1920s, to date the freezing is not an additional function of modern refrigerators.
The first refrigerator to see extensively was the General Electric "Monitor-Top" refrigerator introduced in 1927, called for its resemblance to the tower pistols in the powerful USS Monitor warship of the 1860s.
The compressor assembly, which is emitted a lot of heat, is placed over the cabinet, and is surrounded with a decorative ring.
As a refrigerant medium, this refrigerator is used in both sulfur dioxide, which is corrosive to the eye and may cause vision loss, burning sores and wounds, or methyl formate, which is highly flammable, harmful to the eyes, and toxic by inhalation or swallowing.
Many of these units are still functional today.
The cooling system can not be legally refilled with a native coolant if they are leaking or damaged.
The introduction of Freon in the 1920s expanded the refrigerator market during the 1930s and provided a safer, alternative-toxicity alternative to previous refrigerant use.
Separate freezers became common during the 1940s, a popular term for unit time being "deep freeze".
This device, or "equipment", did not go into mass production for home use until after World War II.
The 1950s and 1960s saw technical advances such as automatic liquefaction and automatic ice making.
More efficient refrigerators were developed in the 1970s and 1980s, although environmental issues led to the very effective ban of freon (refrigerant) refrigerants
Early refrigerator models (from 1916) had cold compartments for ice cube trays.
From the late 1920s fresh vegetables had been successfully processed through freezing by the Postum Company (predecessor of General Foods), who had acquired the technology while purchasing the rights to Clarence Birdseye's fresh freezing method successfully.
The first successful application of frozen food occurred when Food General heir to the Marjorie Merriweather Post (later the wife of Joseph E. Davies, US Ambassador to the Soviet Union) devoted a commercial freezer class at Spaso House, the US Embassy in Moscow, before Davies' arrival .
The Post, fearing the food processing of the Soviet security standard, was fully loaded on the freezer with products from the Birdseye General Foods' unit.
Saving frozen food allows Davies to entertain extravagant and serve fresh frozen food that should be out of season.
Upon his return from Moscow, Post (who returned his maiden name after divorce Davies) directed General Food to market frozen products to upscale restaurants.
the Home freezer as a separate compartment (larger than necessary for ice cubes only), or as a separate unit, was introduced in the United States in 1940.
Frozen foods, previously a luxury item, begin to be commonplace. frozen food, formerly luxury goods, began to become commonplace.